Exercising in the rehabilitation system for patients with occupational diseases
For occupational health related diseases due to unfavorable factors of production environment. Pathology is closely linked with other clinical disciplines, as well as occupational health.
Some activities under certain circumstances, may cause occupational diseases, which usually contribute to the lack of technical equipment of production and lack of hygiene standards.
Production factors which have an adverse impact on human health are diverse. It should be noted that their impact can be observed not only to occupational diseases, and occupational injuries. The latter include acute illness caused by mechanical, thermal, chemical or electrical damage to the tissue or organ at the workplace or on the premises. Currently, there are generally accepted as the division of occupational diseases by etiological principle and on system-organ.
By etiological principle distinguish the following groups of occupational diseases:
1) due to the influence of industrial dust (pneumoconiosis, bronchitis, etc.);
2) arising from the impact of physical environment factors (vibration disease, lesions associated with exposure to intense noise, various types of radiation, high and low temperatures, etc.);
3) due to exposure to chemical environment factors (acute and chronic toxicity);
4) due to exposure to biological factors (infectious and parasitic diseases that developed in individuals by the nature of their work have contact with infectious materials or animals, as well as persons working in tuberculosis and other infectious medical and preventive health care facilities, diseases caused by yeast and yeastlike fungi, mushrooms, producers, effects of antibiotics, etc.);
5) occupational diseases surge of individual organs and systems (ODA disease, peripheral nerves and muscles, etc.).
Effects on the body of chemical compounds cause acute, under acute and chronic intoxication. The most common toxicity of lead, mercury, benzene and its homologues, amino and nitro derivatives, pesticides and other physical factors are the cause of vibration disease, cochlear neuritis, radiation pathology, decompression (decompression) sickness. When exposed to the organism often develop occupational dust pneumoconiosis (silicosis, metallokonioz, etc.), dust bronchitis, chronic rinofaringolaringity, as well as some allergic diseases and neoplasms. To diseases caused by physical overload and overvoltage individual organs and systems that include such common lesion ODA as frozen shoulder, shoulder epicondylitis, deforming osteoarthritis, bursitis, etc. This group includes mono-and polyneuropathies, including compression and autonomic-sensory neuropathy, neck, and sciatica, etc.
Recognized professional caused by contact during brucellosis, tuberculosis, infectious hepatitis, certain forms of tinea, etc.
Great importance in the improvement of working conditions is the creation in our country a special service An important role in the prevention of occupational disease belongs to a rational regime of work and leisure as well as health care workers and medical examination.
Dispensary method provides, inter alia, professional selection through pre-medical examinations of people coming to work in hazardous conditions. Due to this reduced the possibility of occupational diseases and, to a certain extent, the emergence of severe forms. Periodic inspections of work allow the identification of occupational diseases are already in the initial stages and in a timely manner to carry out recreational activities both in terms of working conditions, and in relation to themselves diseases (treatment, management of employment, etc.).
On occupational diseases is greatly influenced by experience in the production of the negative factors. For example, after 10-15 years of such work have been reported in 70-80% of patients with chronic intoxication, pneumoconiosis, at 55-65% - with the diseases of hands on functional overstrain, the overwhelming majority (nearly 90%) of patients with neuritis of the auditory nerve. Most (65%) of professional dermatoses developed during the first three years of work, and vibration disease (approximately 40% of cases) - after 6-10 years of work.
The patients' age at the time of detection of the disease - from 30-39 years to 50 years. Disability due to occupational diseases is more than 80% under the age of 45 years.
Examinations, dispensary examination of workers spend doctors Pathology. Those with suspected occupational disease or poisoning, is directed to consult a specialized agency. Registration, an occupational disease is the city or clinic Sanitary and Epidemiological Institute.
Specificity of occupational diseases is that their cause - in working condition. Therefore, in treating this group of patients in the first place - to change working conditions.
Patients with occupational diseases often are transferred to disability than patients with somatic diseases. Disability they are given primarily for preventive purposes, in order to help the patient get another profession, to support him financially during the development of a new profession. Transfer to disability should be as early as possible as soon as the disease is diagnosed.
By the ability to reverse the development of occupational diseases can be divided into three groups:
disease, even going without treatment, only a change of working conditions. This allergic diseases, dermatitis (dermatoses), rinopatii;
disease capable of regression provided more or less prolonged periods of active treatment (with a mandatory, of course, change the working conditions). This group is vast, the majority of occupational diseases: chronic toxicity, vibration disease, diseases of the hands of a functional voltage, dust bronchitis, etc.;
disease, which can not (or very few are capable of) to the regression. This group includes all of pneumoconiosis, severe forms of chronic poisoning (toxic encephalopathy, pneumosclerosis, etc.), occupational deafness, and some diseases of the DDA (aseptic necrosis, koksart-Roses, osteochondrosis, arthrosis of the joints, etc.).
Medical rehabilitation needs for the second and third groups of long-term treatment and in advanced cases (in the third group) is impossible.
In the complex treatment of occupational diseases apply exercise therapy, massage, oxygen therapy, the total ultraviolet radiation (UVR), physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, sauna, diet, etc.
Systematic application of physical education, exercise therapy improves the functional capacity of the organism to physical stress. Under the influence of physical exercise and massage improves cardiorespiratory function, tissue metabolism, etc.
Methods MPT determined nosology occupational disease stage and severity of its course, the general condition of the patient, his age and gender. Physical exercise increases gradually, along with the initial positions, the selection of General developing and breathing exercises. Exercises are performed in slow and medium tempo, breathing exercises are performed with emphasis on the exhale. Showing exercises with the pronunciation of sibilant vowels. To activate the respiration include massage of the chest and respiratory muscles. Classes are held by the group method, accompanied by music for 15-35 minutes. The range of recreational activities include dosage walking outdoors (in the forest, park, pine trees, etc.), skiing, boating, etc., shows the bath (sauna). During spa treatment in areas with mountain climate used dosage walking and jogging, games, swimming, diet, intake of oxygen cocktail, fortification, etc.
